Chashmai Ayub maqbarasi

Chashmai Ayyub is an architectural monument in Bukhara, dating from 1208–1209 and 1379–1380. It is a mausoleum and pilgrimage site located in the northwestern part of Bukhara. The original structure was built in the early 12th century during the Karakhanid period. In the 14th century, during the reign of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), the monument was restored and acquired its present appearance. Today, it is included in the National Register of Immovable Objects of Material and Cultural Heritage of Uzbekistan.

History

Chashmai Ayyub is sometimes referred to as a mausoleum. In fact, it is a sacred site associated with the Prophet Ayyub (Job). The complex was constructed over several centuries, and its oldest surviving section dates back to the 12th century. A preserved stone inscription bears the date 1380, while additional inscriptions from the 16th century can be found on the entrance portal.

The building was constructed by Khorezmian craftsmen after Amir Timur’s campaign in Khorezm. Chashmai Ayyub also served as a burial site. During Timur’s reign, a man named Amir Hajjaj built a mausoleum here, which has survived and is now enclosed within the present structure. Later, during the rule of Abdullah Khan II of the Shaybanid dynasty, the monument underwent a complete restoration, and the construction work was finalized.

The main façade faces east. Inside the building is a chamber containing a special well. Behind this room is a mihrab chamber, where the symbolic tomb and pilgrimage site associated with the Prophet Ayyub are located. Above the entrance to the burial chamber is an inscription, as well as a wooden plaque describing the Prophet Ayyub’s visit to Bukhara.

Today, Chashmai Ayyub houses the Bukhara Water Supply History Museum.

Architecture

The sacred building has a rectangular plan measuring 19 × 26 meters and consists of four rooms arranged from west to east. Each room is covered with a uniquely designed dome.

The oldest part of the complex is a square well chamber measuring 4.5 × 4.5 meters. According to local traditions, it was built by Arslan Khan during the same period as the Kalyan Minaret and the Namazgah Mosque. Originally, the chamber had two entrances for pilgrims. Later, a vaulted room measuring 4.5 × 4.5 meters was attached to its front side, serving as the entrance portal. This section features a double dome and a monumental portal.

An inscription on the wall of the pilgrimage hall states that in 1379, by the order of Amir Timur, a large hall with a conical dome and corner towers was added to the structure. As a result, the oldest part of the monument became enclosed within the later additions.

According to Legend

According to local legend, the spring is connected with the Prophet Ayyub (Job), who was preaching in the region of Bukhara. During a severe drought, when local people were suffering from thirst, they asked him for water. The Prophet struck the ground with his staff, and a spring emerged from the spot. The water continues to flow to this day.

The spring water is believed to possess healing properties. For centuries, numerous pilgrims have visited the site to drink its water and seek blessings. Over time, the location became an important pilgrimage destination. According to tradition, the water is especially beneficial for treating skin diseases, including vitiligo and leprosy.